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This commit is contained in:
Veronika Smirnova
1217
docs/infrastructure/BACKUP_RECOVERY.md
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1217
docs/infrastructure/BACKUP_RECOVERY.md
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# Стратегии резервного копирования и восстановления SFERA
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## 🎯 Обзор
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Комплексная система резервного копирования и аварийного восстановления для платформы SFERA, обеспечивающая защиту данных, минимизацию простоев и быстрое восстановление после сбоев.
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## 📊 Архитектура резервного копирования
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### Стратегия 3-2-1
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- **3** копии данных (оригинал + 2 резервные копии)
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- **2** различных носителя (локальный + облачный)
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- **1** копия хранится удаленно (географически отдельно)
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```mermaid
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graph TB
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A[Основная БД PostgreSQL] --> B[Локальное резервное копирование]
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A --> C[Репликация на Slave]
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A --> D[Облачное резервное копирование]
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B --> E[Ежедневные бэкапы]
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B --> F[Инкрементальные бэкапы]
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C --> G[Read Replica]
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C --> H[Standby Server]
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D --> I[AWS S3/Yandex Cloud]
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D --> J[Географически удаленный сервер]
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```
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## 🗄️ База данных
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### 1. PostgreSQL Backup Strategy
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#### Автоматические ежедневные бэкапы
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# scripts/backup/daily-backup.sh
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# Конфигурация
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DB_HOST="localhost"
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DB_PORT="5432"
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DB_NAME="sfera_prod"
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DB_USER="sfera_backup"
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BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/sfera"
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RETENTION_DAYS=30
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DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
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# Создание директории для бэкапов
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mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR/daily"
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mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR/logs"
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# Логирование
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LOG_FILE="$BACKUP_DIR/logs/backup_$DATE.log"
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exec 1> >(tee -a "$LOG_FILE")
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exec 2>&1
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echo "=== Starting backup at $(date) ==="
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# Проверка свободного места (минимум 10GB)
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FREE_SPACE=$(df "$BACKUP_DIR" | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}')
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if [ "$FREE_SPACE" -lt 10485760 ]; then
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echo "ERROR: Insufficient disk space. Free space: ${FREE_SPACE}KB"
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exit 1
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fi
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# Создание дампа базы данных
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BACKUP_FILE="$BACKUP_DIR/daily/sfera_backup_$DATE.sql"
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echo "Creating database dump..."
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pg_dump \
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--host="$DB_HOST" \
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--port="$DB_PORT" \
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--username="$DB_USER" \
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--dbname="$DB_NAME" \
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--verbose \
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--clean \
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--if-exists \
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--create \
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--format=custom \
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--compress=9 \
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--file="$BACKUP_FILE"
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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echo "Database backup completed successfully"
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# Проверка целостности бэкапа
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echo "Verifying backup integrity..."
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pg_restore --list "$BACKUP_FILE" > /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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echo "Backup integrity verification passed"
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# Сжатие бэкапа
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echo "Compressing backup..."
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gzip "$BACKUP_FILE"
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BACKUP_FILE="${BACKUP_FILE}.gz"
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# Вычисление контрольной суммы
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echo "Calculating checksum..."
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md5sum "$BACKUP_FILE" > "${BACKUP_FILE}.md5"
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# Размер бэкапа
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BACKUP_SIZE=$(du -h "$BACKUP_FILE" | cut -f1)
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echo "Backup size: $BACKUP_SIZE"
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# Отправка в облако (если настроено)
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if [ -n "$CLOUD_STORAGE_ENABLED" ]; then
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echo "Uploading to cloud storage..."
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upload_to_cloud "$BACKUP_FILE"
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fi
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else
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echo "ERROR: Backup integrity verification failed"
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rm -f "$BACKUP_FILE"
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exit 1
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fi
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else
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echo "ERROR: Database backup failed"
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exit 1
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fi
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# Очистка старых бэкапов
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echo "Cleaning up old backups..."
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find "$BACKUP_DIR/daily" -name "sfera_backup_*.sql.gz" -mtime +$RETENTION_DAYS -delete
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find "$BACKUP_DIR/daily" -name "sfera_backup_*.md5" -mtime +$RETENTION_DAYS -delete
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echo "=== Backup completed at $(date) ==="
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# Отправка уведомления о результате
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send_notification "SUCCESS" "Database backup completed successfully. Size: $BACKUP_SIZE"
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```
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#### Инкрементальные бэкапы с WAL-E
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# scripts/backup/wal-backup.sh
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# Конфигурация WAL-E для непрерывного архивирования
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export WALE_S3_PREFIX="s3://sfera-backups/wal"
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export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="your-access-key"
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export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="your-secret-key"
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# Настройка PostgreSQL для WAL архивирования
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# В postgresql.conf:
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# wal_level = replica
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# archive_mode = on
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# archive_command = 'wal-e wal-push %p'
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# max_wal_senders = 3
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# wal_keep_segments = 32
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# Создание базового бэкапа
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create_base_backup() {
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echo "Creating base backup with WAL-E..."
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wal-e backup-push /var/lib/postgresql/data
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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echo "Base backup created successfully"
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# Сохранение метаданных бэкапа
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cat > "/var/backups/sfera/base_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).meta" << EOF
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{
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"timestamp": "$(date -Iseconds)",
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"backup_type": "base",
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"wal_file": "$(pg_current_wal_file)",
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"database_size": "$(du -sh /var/lib/postgresql/data | cut -f1)"
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}
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EOF
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else
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echo "ERROR: Base backup failed"
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return 1
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fi
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}
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# Проверка статуса архивирования
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check_wal_status() {
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echo "Checking WAL archiving status..."
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# Получение текущего WAL файла
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CURRENT_WAL=$(psql -t -c "SELECT pg_current_wal_file()" -d sfera_prod)
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# Проверка последнего архивированного WAL
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LAST_ARCHIVED=$(wal-e wal-list | tail -1)
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echo "Current WAL: $CURRENT_WAL"
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echo "Last archived WAL: $LAST_ARCHIVED"
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# Проверка отставания архивирования
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if [ -n "$CURRENT_WAL" ] && [ -n "$LAST_ARCHIVED" ]; then
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echo "WAL archiving is operational"
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else
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echo "WARNING: WAL archiving may have issues"
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fi
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}
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# Основная логика
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case "$1" in
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"base")
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create_base_backup
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;;
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"status")
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check_wal_status
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;;
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*)
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echo "Usage: $0 {base|status}"
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exit 1
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;;
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esac
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```
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### 2. Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# scripts/recovery/pitr-restore.sh
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# Функция восстановления на определенную точку времени
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perform_pitr() {
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local TARGET_TIME="$1"
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local RESTORE_DIR="$2"
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echo "=== Starting Point-in-Time Recovery ==="
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echo "Target time: $TARGET_TIME"
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echo "Restore directory: $RESTORE_DIR"
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# Остановка PostgreSQL
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echo "Stopping PostgreSQL..."
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systemctl stop postgresql
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# Создание резервной копии текущих данных
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if [ -d "/var/lib/postgresql/data" ]; then
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echo "Backing up current data directory..."
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mv /var/lib/postgresql/data "/var/lib/postgresql/data.backup.$(date +%s)"
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fi
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# Создание нового каталога данных
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mkdir -p "$RESTORE_DIR"
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chown postgres:postgres "$RESTORE_DIR"
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# Восстановление базового бэкапа
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echo "Restoring base backup..."
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wal-e backup-fetch "$RESTORE_DIR" LATEST
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if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
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echo "ERROR: Failed to restore base backup"
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return 1
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fi
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# Создание recovery.conf
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cat > "$RESTORE_DIR/recovery.conf" << EOF
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restore_command = 'wal-e wal-fetch %f %p'
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recovery_target_time = '$TARGET_TIME'
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recovery_target_action = 'promote'
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EOF
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# Установка правильных прав
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chown postgres:postgres "$RESTORE_DIR/recovery.conf"
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chmod 600 "$RESTORE_DIR/recovery.conf"
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# Обновление конфигурации PostgreSQL
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if [ -f "$RESTORE_DIR/postgresql.conf" ]; then
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sed -i "s|^data_directory.*|data_directory = '$RESTORE_DIR'|" "$RESTORE_DIR/postgresql.conf"
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fi
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# Запуск PostgreSQL в режиме восстановления
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echo "Starting PostgreSQL in recovery mode..."
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sudo -u postgres pg_ctl start -D "$RESTORE_DIR"
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# Ожидание завершения восстановления
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echo "Waiting for recovery to complete..."
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while [ -f "$RESTORE_DIR/recovery.conf" ]; do
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sleep 5
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echo -n "."
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done
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echo
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echo "Point-in-Time Recovery completed successfully"
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# Проверка восстановления
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echo "Verifying database integrity..."
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sudo -u postgres psql -d sfera_prod -c "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;" > /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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echo "Database verification passed"
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return 0
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else
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echo "ERROR: Database verification failed"
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return 1
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fi
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}
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# Проверка параметров
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if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
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echo "Usage: $0 <target_time> <restore_directory>"
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echo "Example: $0 '2024-01-15 14:30:00' '/var/lib/postgresql/data_restored'"
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exit 1
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fi
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perform_pitr "$1" "$2"
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```
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## 📁 Файловая система
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### 1. Backup файлов приложения
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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# scripts/backup/files-backup.sh
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# Конфигурация
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APP_DIR="/var/www/sfera"
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BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/sfera/files"
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UPLOADS_DIR="$APP_DIR/uploads"
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LOGS_DIR="$APP_DIR/logs"
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DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
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# Создание архива с исключениями
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create_files_backup() {
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echo "Creating files backup..."
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# Список исключений
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cat > /tmp/backup_exclude.txt << EOF
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node_modules/
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.next/
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.git/
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*.log
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*.tmp
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.cache/
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coverage/
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dist/
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build/
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EOF
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# Создание tar архива
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tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/files_backup_$DATE.tar.gz" \
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--exclude-from=/tmp/backup_exclude.txt \
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-C "$(dirname "$APP_DIR")" \
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"$(basename "$APP_DIR")"
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
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echo "Files backup completed"
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# Контрольная сумма
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md5sum "$BACKUP_DIR/files_backup_$DATE.tar.gz" > "$BACKUP_DIR/files_backup_$DATE.tar.gz.md5"
|
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|
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# Размер архива
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BACKUP_SIZE=$(du -h "$BACKUP_DIR/files_backup_$DATE.tar.gz" | cut -f1)
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echo "Backup size: $BACKUP_SIZE"
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else
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echo "ERROR: Files backup failed"
|
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return 1
|
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fi
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# Очистка временного файла
|
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rm -f /tmp/backup_exclude.txt
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}
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# Backup загруженных файлов отдельно
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backup_uploads() {
|
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if [ -d "$UPLOADS_DIR" ]; then
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echo "Backing up uploaded files..."
|
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|
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rsync -av --delete \
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"$UPLOADS_DIR/" \
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"$BACKUP_DIR/uploads_$DATE/"
|
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|
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# Создание архива загруженных файлов
|
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tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/uploads_$DATE.tar.gz" \
|
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-C "$BACKUP_DIR" \
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"uploads_$DATE"
|
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|
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# Удаление временной директории
|
||||
rm -rf "$BACKUP_DIR/uploads_$DATE"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Uploads backup completed"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
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|
||||
# Backup логов
|
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backup_logs() {
|
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if [ -d "$LOGS_DIR" ]; then
|
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echo "Backing up logs..."
|
||||
|
||||
# Архивирование логов старше 1 дня
|
||||
find "$LOGS_DIR" -name "*.log" -mtime +1 -exec \
|
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tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/logs_$DATE.tar.gz" {} +
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Logs backup completed"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Основная логика
|
||||
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
|
||||
|
||||
create_files_backup
|
||||
backup_uploads
|
||||
backup_logs
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Files backup process completed"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Синхронизация с облачным хранилищем
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# scripts/backup/cloud-sync.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Конфигурация облачного хранилища
|
||||
CLOUD_PROVIDER="yandex" # или "aws"
|
||||
BUCKET_NAME="sfera-backups"
|
||||
LOCAL_BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/sfera"
|
||||
|
||||
# Функция загрузки в Yandex Cloud
|
||||
upload_to_yandex() {
|
||||
local file_path="$1"
|
||||
local remote_path="$2"
|
||||
|
||||
s3cmd put "$file_path" "s3://$BUCKET_NAME/$remote_path" \
|
||||
--config=/etc/s3cmd/yandex.conf \
|
||||
--storage-class=COLD
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Функция загрузки в AWS S3
|
||||
upload_to_aws() {
|
||||
local file_path="$1"
|
||||
local remote_path="$2"
|
||||
|
||||
aws s3 cp "$file_path" "s3://$BUCKET_NAME/$remote_path" \
|
||||
--storage-class GLACIER
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Синхронизация бэкапов с облаком
|
||||
sync_backups() {
|
||||
echo "Starting cloud synchronization..."
|
||||
|
||||
# Поиск новых бэкапов
|
||||
find "$LOCAL_BACKUP_DIR" -name "*.gz" -mtime -1 | while read backup_file; do
|
||||
# Определение типа бэкапа
|
||||
if [[ "$backup_file" == *"sfera_backup_"* ]]; then
|
||||
remote_path="database/$(basename "$backup_file")"
|
||||
elif [[ "$backup_file" == *"files_backup_"* ]]; then
|
||||
remote_path="files/$(basename "$backup_file")"
|
||||
elif [[ "$backup_file" == *"uploads_"* ]]; then
|
||||
remote_path="uploads/$(basename "$backup_file")"
|
||||
else
|
||||
remote_path="misc/$(basename "$backup_file")"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Uploading $backup_file to cloud storage..."
|
||||
|
||||
case "$CLOUD_PROVIDER" in
|
||||
"yandex")
|
||||
upload_to_yandex "$backup_file" "$remote_path"
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"aws")
|
||||
upload_to_aws "$backup_file" "$remote_path"
|
||||
;;
|
||||
*)
|
||||
echo "Unknown cloud provider: $CLOUD_PROVIDER"
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Successfully uploaded $(basename "$backup_file")"
|
||||
|
||||
# Создание метаданных о загруженном файле
|
||||
cat > "${backup_file}.cloud_meta" << EOF
|
||||
{
|
||||
"uploaded_at": "$(date -Iseconds)",
|
||||
"cloud_provider": "$CLOUD_PROVIDER",
|
||||
"remote_path": "$remote_path",
|
||||
"file_size": "$(stat -c%s "$backup_file")",
|
||||
"checksum": "$(md5sum "$backup_file" | cut -d' ' -f1)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "ERROR: Failed to upload $(basename "$backup_file")"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
done
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка доступности облачного хранилища
|
||||
check_cloud_connectivity() {
|
||||
echo "Checking cloud connectivity..."
|
||||
|
||||
case "$CLOUD_PROVIDER" in
|
||||
"yandex")
|
||||
s3cmd ls "s3://$BUCKET_NAME/" --config=/etc/s3cmd/yandex.conf > /dev/null
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"aws")
|
||||
aws s3 ls "s3://$BUCKET_NAME/" > /dev/null
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Cloud connectivity: OK"
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "ERROR: Cannot connect to cloud storage"
|
||||
return 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Основная логика
|
||||
if check_cloud_connectivity; then
|
||||
sync_backups
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "Skipping cloud sync due to connectivity issues"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 🔄 Репликация и высокая доступность
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. PostgreSQL Streaming Replication
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# scripts/replication/setup-streaming.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Настройка мастер-сервера
|
||||
setup_master() {
|
||||
echo "Configuring master server..."
|
||||
|
||||
# Создание пользователя для репликации
|
||||
sudo -u postgres psql << EOF
|
||||
CREATE ROLE replicator WITH REPLICATION LOGIN PASSWORD 'repl_password';
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# Конфигурация postgresql.conf
|
||||
cat >> /etc/postgresql/14/main/postgresql.conf << EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# Replication settings
|
||||
wal_level = replica
|
||||
max_wal_senders = 3
|
||||
wal_keep_segments = 64
|
||||
synchronous_commit = on
|
||||
synchronous_standby_names = 'standby1'
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# Конфигурация pg_hba.conf
|
||||
cat >> /etc/postgresql/14/main/pg_hba.conf << EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# Replication connections
|
||||
host replication replicator 0.0.0.0/0 md5
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# Перезапуск PostgreSQL
|
||||
systemctl restart postgresql
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Master server configured"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Настройка slave-сервера
|
||||
setup_slave() {
|
||||
local master_host="$1"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Configuring slave server..."
|
||||
|
||||
# Остановка PostgreSQL
|
||||
systemctl stop postgresql
|
||||
|
||||
# Очистка каталога данных
|
||||
rm -rf /var/lib/postgresql/14/main/*
|
||||
|
||||
# Создание базового бэкапа с мастера
|
||||
sudo -u postgres pg_basebackup \
|
||||
-h "$master_host" \
|
||||
-D /var/lib/postgresql/14/main \
|
||||
-U replicator \
|
||||
-v -P -W
|
||||
|
||||
# Создание recovery.conf
|
||||
cat > /var/lib/postgresql/14/main/recovery.conf << EOF
|
||||
standby_mode = 'on'
|
||||
primary_conninfo = 'host=$master_host port=5432 user=replicator password=repl_password application_name=standby1'
|
||||
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/postgresql/14/main/recovery.conf
|
||||
|
||||
# Запуск PostgreSQL
|
||||
systemctl start postgresql
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Slave server configured"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка статуса репликации
|
||||
check_replication_status() {
|
||||
echo "=== Replication Status ==="
|
||||
|
||||
# На мастере
|
||||
sudo -u postgres psql -c "SELECT * FROM pg_stat_replication;"
|
||||
|
||||
# На slave
|
||||
sudo -u postgres psql -c "SELECT * FROM pg_stat_wal_receiver;"
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка отставания
|
||||
sudo -u postgres psql -c "SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (now() - pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()));"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Основная логика
|
||||
case "$1" in
|
||||
"master")
|
||||
setup_master
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"slave")
|
||||
if [ -z "$2" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 slave <master_host>"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
setup_slave "$2"
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"status")
|
||||
check_replication_status
|
||||
;;
|
||||
*)
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 {master|slave <master_host>|status}"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Failover и Failback процедуры
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# scripts/failover/failover.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Конфигурация
|
||||
MASTER_HOST="10.0.1.10"
|
||||
SLAVE_HOST="10.0.1.11"
|
||||
APP_HOST="10.0.1.20"
|
||||
VIP="10.0.1.100" # Virtual IP
|
||||
|
||||
# Автоматический failover
|
||||
perform_failover() {
|
||||
echo "=== STARTING EMERGENCY FAILOVER ==="
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка доступности мастера
|
||||
if ! pg_isready -h "$MASTER_HOST" -p 5432; then
|
||||
echo "Master server is not responding. Proceeding with failover..."
|
||||
|
||||
# Промоут slave в master
|
||||
echo "Promoting slave to master..."
|
||||
ssh postgres@"$SLAVE_HOST" "pg_ctl promote -D /var/lib/postgresql/14/main"
|
||||
|
||||
# Ожидание завершения промоута
|
||||
sleep 10
|
||||
|
||||
# Переключение Virtual IP
|
||||
echo "Switching virtual IP to new master..."
|
||||
switch_vip "$SLAVE_HOST"
|
||||
|
||||
# Обновление конфигурации приложения
|
||||
echo "Updating application database configuration..."
|
||||
update_app_config "$SLAVE_HOST"
|
||||
|
||||
# Перезапуск приложения
|
||||
echo "Restarting application..."
|
||||
ssh root@"$APP_HOST" "systemctl restart sfera"
|
||||
|
||||
# Уведомление администраторов
|
||||
send_alert "FAILOVER" "Database failover completed. New master: $SLAVE_HOST"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=== FAILOVER COMPLETED ==="
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "Master server is responding. No failover needed."
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Планируемое переключение (для обслуживания)
|
||||
planned_switchover() {
|
||||
echo "=== STARTING PLANNED SWITCHOVER ==="
|
||||
|
||||
# Синхронизация данных
|
||||
echo "Waiting for replica synchronization..."
|
||||
wait_for_sync
|
||||
|
||||
# Остановка приложения
|
||||
echo "Stopping application..."
|
||||
ssh root@"$APP_HOST" "systemctl stop sfera"
|
||||
|
||||
# Остановка мастера
|
||||
echo "Stopping master database..."
|
||||
ssh postgres@"$MASTER_HOST" "pg_ctl stop -D /var/lib/postgresql/14/main -m fast"
|
||||
|
||||
# Промоут slave
|
||||
echo "Promoting slave to master..."
|
||||
ssh postgres@"$SLAVE_HOST" "pg_ctl promote -D /var/lib/postgresql/14/main"
|
||||
|
||||
# Переключение IP
|
||||
switch_vip "$SLAVE_HOST"
|
||||
|
||||
# Обновление конфигурации
|
||||
update_app_config "$SLAVE_HOST"
|
||||
|
||||
# Запуск приложения
|
||||
echo "Starting application..."
|
||||
ssh root@"$APP_HOST" "systemctl start sfera"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=== SWITCHOVER COMPLETED ==="
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Процедура failback
|
||||
perform_failback() {
|
||||
local old_master="$1"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=== STARTING FAILBACK ==="
|
||||
|
||||
# Настройка старого мастера как slave
|
||||
echo "Configuring old master as slave..."
|
||||
ssh postgres@"$old_master" "
|
||||
rm -f /var/lib/postgresql/14/main/recovery.conf
|
||||
cat > /var/lib/postgresql/14/main/recovery.conf << EOF
|
||||
standby_mode = 'on'
|
||||
primary_conninfo = 'host=$SLAVE_HOST port=5432 user=replicator'
|
||||
recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
"
|
||||
|
||||
# Запуск старого мастера как slave
|
||||
ssh postgres@"$old_master" "pg_ctl start -D /var/lib/postgresql/14/main"
|
||||
|
||||
# Ожидание синхронизации
|
||||
wait_for_sync
|
||||
|
||||
# Теперь можно выполнить switchover обратно
|
||||
planned_switchover
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=== FAILBACK COMPLETED ==="
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Вспомогательные функции
|
||||
wait_for_sync() {
|
||||
echo "Waiting for synchronization..."
|
||||
while true; do
|
||||
LAG=$(ssh postgres@"$SLAVE_HOST" "psql -t -c \"SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (now() - pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()));\"")
|
||||
if (( $(echo "$LAG < 1" | bc -l) )); then
|
||||
echo "Synchronization complete (lag: ${LAG}s)"
|
||||
break
|
||||
fi
|
||||
echo "Current lag: ${LAG}s"
|
||||
sleep 2
|
||||
done
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
switch_vip() {
|
||||
local new_host="$1"
|
||||
# Здесь реализация переключения Virtual IP
|
||||
# (зависит от используемого решения: keepalived, pacemaker, etc.)
|
||||
echo "Virtual IP switched to $new_host"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
update_app_config() {
|
||||
local new_db_host="$1"
|
||||
ssh root@"$APP_HOST" "
|
||||
sed -i 's/DATABASE_URL=.*/DATABASE_URL=\"postgresql:\/\/user:pass@$new_db_host:5432\/sfera_prod\"/' /var/www/sfera/.env
|
||||
"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
send_alert() {
|
||||
local type="$1"
|
||||
local message="$2"
|
||||
|
||||
# Отправка в Slack/email/etc.
|
||||
curl -X POST -H 'Content-type: application/json' \
|
||||
--data "{\"text\":\"[$type] $message\"}" \
|
||||
"$SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Основная логика
|
||||
case "$1" in
|
||||
"failover")
|
||||
perform_failover
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"switchover")
|
||||
planned_switchover
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"failback")
|
||||
if [ -z "$2" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 failback <old_master_host>"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
perform_failback "$2"
|
||||
;;
|
||||
*)
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 {failover|switchover|failback <old_master_host>}"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 📋 Процедуры восстановления
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Полное восстановление системы
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# scripts/recovery/full-restore.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Процедура полного восстановления
|
||||
full_system_restore() {
|
||||
local backup_date="$1"
|
||||
local restore_path="$2"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=== STARTING FULL SYSTEM RESTORE ==="
|
||||
echo "Backup date: $backup_date"
|
||||
echo "Restore path: $restore_path"
|
||||
|
||||
# Создание директории восстановления
|
||||
mkdir -p "$restore_path"
|
||||
cd "$restore_path"
|
||||
|
||||
# 1. Восстановление базы данных
|
||||
echo "Restoring database..."
|
||||
restore_database "$backup_date"
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. Восстановление файлов приложения
|
||||
echo "Restoring application files..."
|
||||
restore_application_files "$backup_date"
|
||||
|
||||
# 3. Восстановление загруженных файлов
|
||||
echo "Restoring uploaded files..."
|
||||
restore_uploads "$backup_date"
|
||||
|
||||
# 4. Настройка конфигурации
|
||||
echo "Configuring restored system..."
|
||||
configure_restored_system
|
||||
|
||||
# 5. Проверка целостности
|
||||
echo "Verifying system integrity..."
|
||||
verify_system_integrity
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=== FULL SYSTEM RESTORE COMPLETED ==="
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Восстановление базы данных
|
||||
restore_database() {
|
||||
local backup_date="$1"
|
||||
local backup_file="sfera_backup_${backup_date}.sql.gz"
|
||||
|
||||
# Поиск файла бэкапа
|
||||
if [ -f "/var/backups/sfera/daily/$backup_file" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Found local backup: $backup_file"
|
||||
BACKUP_PATH="/var/backups/sfera/daily/$backup_file"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "Local backup not found. Downloading from cloud..."
|
||||
download_from_cloud "database/$backup_file" "/tmp/$backup_file"
|
||||
BACKUP_PATH="/tmp/$backup_file"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка контрольной суммы
|
||||
if [ -f "${BACKUP_PATH}.md5" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Verifying backup integrity..."
|
||||
if ! md5sum -c "${BACKUP_PATH}.md5"; then
|
||||
echo "ERROR: Backup integrity check failed"
|
||||
return 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Создание новой базы данных
|
||||
echo "Creating restored database..."
|
||||
sudo -u postgres createdb sfera_restored
|
||||
|
||||
# Восстановление данных
|
||||
echo "Restoring database data..."
|
||||
gunzip -c "$BACKUP_PATH" | sudo -u postgres pg_restore -d sfera_restored -v
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Database restore completed successfully"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "ERROR: Database restore failed"
|
||||
return 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Восстановление файлов приложения
|
||||
restore_application_files() {
|
||||
local backup_date="$1"
|
||||
local backup_file="files_backup_${backup_date}.tar.gz"
|
||||
|
||||
# Поиск и восстановление файлов
|
||||
if [ -f "/var/backups/sfera/files/$backup_file" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Restoring application files from $backup_file"
|
||||
tar -xzf "/var/backups/sfera/files/$backup_file" -C "$restore_path"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "Downloading application files from cloud..."
|
||||
download_from_cloud "files/$backup_file" "/tmp/$backup_file"
|
||||
tar -xzf "/tmp/$backup_file" -C "$restore_path"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Восстановление загруженных файлов
|
||||
restore_uploads() {
|
||||
local backup_date="$1"
|
||||
local backup_file="uploads_${backup_date}.tar.gz"
|
||||
|
||||
if [ -f "/var/backups/sfera/files/$backup_file" ]; then
|
||||
echo "Restoring uploaded files from $backup_file"
|
||||
tar -xzf "/var/backups/sfera/files/$backup_file" -C "$restore_path"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Скачивание из облачного хранилища
|
||||
download_from_cloud() {
|
||||
local remote_path="$1"
|
||||
local local_path="$2"
|
||||
|
||||
case "$CLOUD_PROVIDER" in
|
||||
"yandex")
|
||||
s3cmd get "s3://$BUCKET_NAME/$remote_path" "$local_path" \
|
||||
--config=/etc/s3cmd/yandex.conf
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"aws")
|
||||
aws s3 cp "s3://$BUCKET_NAME/$remote_path" "$local_path"
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Настройка восстановленной системы
|
||||
configure_restored_system() {
|
||||
echo "Configuring restored system..."
|
||||
|
||||
# Обновление конфигурации базы данных
|
||||
sed -i 's/sfera_prod/sfera_restored/g' "$restore_path/sfera/.env"
|
||||
|
||||
# Установка правильных прав доступа
|
||||
chown -R www-data:www-data "$restore_path/sfera"
|
||||
chmod -R 755 "$restore_path/sfera"
|
||||
|
||||
# Создание символических ссылок
|
||||
ln -sf "$restore_path/sfera" "/var/www/sfera_restored"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка целостности восстановленной системы
|
||||
verify_system_integrity() {
|
||||
echo "Verifying system integrity..."
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка подключения к базе данных
|
||||
if sudo -u postgres psql -d sfera_restored -c "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;" > /dev/null; then
|
||||
echo "✓ Database connectivity: OK"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "✗ Database connectivity: FAILED"
|
||||
return 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка файлов приложения
|
||||
if [ -f "$restore_path/sfera/package.json" ]; then
|
||||
echo "✓ Application files: OK"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "✗ Application files: MISSING"
|
||||
return 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка конфигурации
|
||||
if [ -f "$restore_path/sfera/.env" ]; then
|
||||
echo "✓ Configuration files: OK"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "✗ Configuration files: MISSING"
|
||||
return 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo "System integrity verification completed"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка параметров
|
||||
if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 <backup_date> <restore_path>"
|
||||
echo "Example: $0 20240115_143000 /var/restore"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
full_system_restore "$1" "$2"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 📊 Monitoring и алерты
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Мониторинг состояния бэкапов
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# scripts/monitoring/backup-monitor.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка состояния резервных копий
|
||||
check_backup_health() {
|
||||
local status="OK"
|
||||
local alerts=()
|
||||
|
||||
echo "=== Backup Health Check ==="
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка последнего бэкапа базы данных
|
||||
LAST_DB_BACKUP=$(find /var/backups/sfera/daily -name "sfera_backup_*.sql.gz" -mtime -1 | wc -l)
|
||||
if [ "$LAST_DB_BACKUP" -eq 0 ]; then
|
||||
alerts+=("No database backup in last 24 hours")
|
||||
status="ERROR"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "✓ Database backup: Recent backup found"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка размера бэкапов
|
||||
BACKUP_SIZE=$(du -sh /var/backups/sfera | cut -f1)
|
||||
echo "✓ Total backup size: $BACKUP_SIZE"
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка свободного места
|
||||
FREE_SPACE=$(df /var/backups/sfera | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}')
|
||||
if [ "$FREE_SPACE" -lt 1048576 ]; then # Меньше 1GB
|
||||
alerts+=("Low disk space for backups: ${FREE_SPACE}KB")
|
||||
status="WARNING"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "✓ Disk space: Sufficient (${FREE_SPACE}KB available)"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка облачной синхронизации
|
||||
CLOUD_SYNC_LOG="/var/backups/sfera/logs/cloud-sync.log"
|
||||
if [ -f "$CLOUD_SYNC_LOG" ]; then
|
||||
LAST_SYNC=$(grep "Successfully uploaded" "$CLOUD_SYNC_LOG" | tail -1 | grep -o '[0-9]\{4\}-[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{2\}')
|
||||
if [ -n "$LAST_SYNC" ]; then
|
||||
echo "✓ Cloud sync: Last successful sync on $LAST_SYNC"
|
||||
else
|
||||
alerts+=("No successful cloud sync found")
|
||||
status="WARNING"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка репликации
|
||||
if pg_isready -h localhost -p 5432; then
|
||||
REPL_LAG=$(sudo -u postgres psql -t -c "SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (now() - pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()));" 2>/dev/null)
|
||||
if [ -n "$REPL_LAG" ] && (( $(echo "$REPL_LAG < 300" | bc -l) )); then
|
||||
echo "✓ Replication: Lag ${REPL_LAG}s (acceptable)"
|
||||
elif [ -n "$REPL_LAG" ]; then
|
||||
alerts+=("High replication lag: ${REPL_LAG}s")
|
||||
status="WARNING"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Отправка алертов при необходимости
|
||||
if [ ${#alerts[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
|
||||
echo "⚠ Alerts detected:"
|
||||
for alert in "${alerts[@]}"; do
|
||||
echo " - $alert"
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
# Отправка уведомления
|
||||
send_backup_alert "$status" "${alerts[*]}"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Overall backup status: $status"
|
||||
return $([ "$status" = "OK" ] && echo 0 || echo 1)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Отправка алертов
|
||||
send_backup_alert() {
|
||||
local status="$1"
|
||||
local message="$2"
|
||||
|
||||
# Slack уведомление
|
||||
if [ -n "$SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL" ]; then
|
||||
curl -X POST -H 'Content-type: application/json' \
|
||||
--data "{\"text\":\"🔴 Backup Alert [$status]: $message\"}" \
|
||||
"$SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Email уведомление
|
||||
if command -v mail >/dev/null; then
|
||||
echo "Backup system alert: $message" | \
|
||||
mail -s "SFERA Backup Alert [$status]" admin@company.com
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Лог
|
||||
echo "$(date): ALERT [$status] $message" >> /var/log/sfera-backup-alerts.log
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Генерация отчета о бэкапах
|
||||
generate_backup_report() {
|
||||
local report_file="/var/backups/sfera/reports/backup_report_$(date +%Y%m%d).html"
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$report_file")"
|
||||
|
||||
cat > "$report_file" << EOF
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<title>SFERA Backup Report - $(date +%Y-%m-%d)</title>
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 20px; }
|
||||
.status-ok { color: green; }
|
||||
.status-warning { color: orange; }
|
||||
.status-error { color: red; }
|
||||
table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; }
|
||||
th, td { border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left; }
|
||||
th { background-color: #f2f2f2; }
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<h1>SFERA Backup Report</h1>
|
||||
<p>Generated: $(date)</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>Database Backups</h2>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr><th>Date</th><th>Size</th><th>Status</th></tr>
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# Добавление информации о бэкапах
|
||||
find /var/backups/sfera/daily -name "sfera_backup_*.sql.gz" -mtime -7 | sort -r | while read backup; do
|
||||
BACKUP_DATE=$(basename "$backup" | sed 's/sfera_backup_\(.*\)\.sql\.gz/\1/')
|
||||
BACKUP_SIZE=$(du -h "$backup" | cut -f1)
|
||||
STATUS="OK"
|
||||
|
||||
if [ -f "${backup}.md5" ]; then
|
||||
if md5sum -c "${backup}.md5" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
|
||||
STATUS="OK"
|
||||
else
|
||||
STATUS="ERROR"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
else
|
||||
STATUS="WARNING"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo " <tr><td>$BACKUP_DATE</td><td>$BACKUP_SIZE</td><td class=\"status-$(echo $STATUS | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')\">$STATUS</td></tr>" >> "$report_file"
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
cat >> "$report_file" << EOF
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2>System Status</h2>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Total backup size: $(du -sh /var/backups/sfera | cut -f1)</li>
|
||||
<li>Available disk space: $(df -h /var/backups/sfera | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}')</li>
|
||||
<li>Database status: $(pg_isready -h localhost -p 5432 && echo "Running" || echo "Down")</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
echo "Backup report generated: $report_file"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Основная логика
|
||||
case "$1" in
|
||||
"check")
|
||||
check_backup_health
|
||||
;;
|
||||
"report")
|
||||
generate_backup_report
|
||||
;;
|
||||
*)
|
||||
echo "Usage: $0 {check|report}"
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## ⚙️ Автоматизация
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Cron Jobs
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# /etc/cron.d/sfera-backup
|
||||
|
||||
# Ежедневные бэкапы базы данных в 2:00
|
||||
0 2 * * * root /opt/sfera/scripts/backup/daily-backup.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Синхронизация с облаком в 3:00
|
||||
0 3 * * * root /opt/sfera/scripts/backup/cloud-sync.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Еженедельные бэкапы файлов в воскресенье в 1:00
|
||||
0 1 * * 0 root /opt/sfera/scripts/backup/files-backup.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка состояния бэкапов каждые 6 часов
|
||||
0 */6 * * * root /opt/sfera/scripts/monitoring/backup-monitor.sh check
|
||||
|
||||
# Ежемесячный отчет в первый день месяца
|
||||
0 8 1 * * root /opt/sfera/scripts/monitoring/backup-monitor.sh report
|
||||
|
||||
# Проверка статуса репликации каждые 5 минут
|
||||
*/5 * * * * root /opt/sfera/scripts/replication/setup-streaming.sh status > /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
# Очистка старых логов еженедельно
|
||||
0 4 * * 1 root find /var/backups/sfera/logs -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 🎯 Recovery Time Objective (RTO) и Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
|
||||
|
||||
### Целевые показатели
|
||||
|
||||
- **RPO (Recovery Point Objective)**: 1 час
|
||||
- Максимальная потеря данных при сбое
|
||||
- Обеспечивается частыми WAL архивами
|
||||
|
||||
- **RTO (Recovery Time Objective)**: 4 часа
|
||||
- Максимальное время восстановления
|
||||
- Включает время на диагностику и восстановление
|
||||
|
||||
### Сценарии восстановления
|
||||
|
||||
| Сценарий | RPO | RTO | Процедура |
|
||||
| ------------------- | ------- | -------- | ------------------------------- |
|
||||
| Сбой диска БД | 5 минут | 30 минут | Failover на реплику |
|
||||
| Повреждение БД | 1 час | 2 часа | PITR восстановление |
|
||||
| Полный сбой сервера | 1 час | 4 часа | Восстановление на новом сервере |
|
||||
| Логическая ошибка | 1 час | 1 час | PITR до точки до ошибки |
|
||||
| Сбой ЦОД | 1 час | 6 часов | Восстановление в резервном ЦОД |
|
||||
|
||||
## 🎯 Заключение
|
||||
|
||||
Система резервного копирования и восстановления SFERA обеспечивает:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Надежность**: Множественные копии данных в разных местах
|
||||
2. **Быстрое восстановление**: Автоматизированные процедуры
|
||||
3. **Мониторинг**: Постоянный контроль состояния бэкапов
|
||||
4. **Соответствие SLA**: Достижение целевых RPO и RTO
|
||||
5. **Автоматизация**: Минимальное участие человека в рутинных операциях
|
||||
|
||||
Регулярно тестируйте процедуры восстановления и обновляйте документацию для обеспечения готовности к любым сценариям сбоев.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user